Course on
Anti-Imperialism, War and Peace, Part 5
Christopher Caudwell,
1907 – 1937
Violence
The Communist Manifesto
of 1848 ends: “The Communists disdain to
conceal their views and aims. They openly declare that their ends can be
attained only by the forcible
overthrow of all existing social conditions. Let the ruling classes tremble at
a communist revolution. The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains.
They have a world to win. WORKERS OF ALL COUNTRIES, UNITE!”
Earlier, it says: “the
violent overthrow of the bourgeoisie
lays the foundation for the sway of the proletariat.”
When it comes to the expropriation of the expropriators, the
working class will not ask permission.
The proletarian revolution will be an act of force, with no
appeal, and in that sense it is bound
to be a violent revolution, which does
not mean that bloodshed is necessary.
Blood need not be shed. But the revolution will make its own
laws. Otherwise, it would not be a revolution.
Bourgeois violence
The bourgeoisie is a violent class. It acquired its position
by bloody violence and it maintains its position by constant applications of
physical violence and bloodshed. It is the bourgeoisie that invented permanent
standing armies, the permanent police force, and the prisons, all of which are
in constant use.
In spite of all of its protestations to the contrary, the
bourgeoisie is not afraid of physical confrontation. It is well prepared for bloody
violence.
What the bourgeoisie fears is not bloodshed, but the other kind
of violence: that of unilateral expropriation of the means of production,
distribution and exchange. The bourgeoisie fears the violence that takes, not
blood, but property.
In the previous parts of this series, we have read
Clausewitz, Marx and Lenin on the political/military nature of violence. In
this part we will take an essay of Christopher Caudwell (download linked below)
so as to establish the moral and/or philosophical basis of Pacifism and Violence,
if any such can be found.
Christopher Caudwell (1907 –
1937) wrote some extraordinary communist literature that was only published
after he was killed while fighting the fascists in the Spanish Civil War, as an
internationalist from England, and member of the International Brigades.
Much of Caudwell’s best work was published posthumously under
the famous title: “Studies in a Dying Culture”.
Three of the essays can be found in the Caudwell section of the Marxists Internet
Archive, including his essay “On Liberty”, which contains the
statement: “I am a communist because I
believe in freedom!”
Another Caudwell collection was published more recently in
hard copy under the title “The Concept of Freedom”.
Another source of Caudwell material (including the image
above) is Helena Sheehan’s web site, where Helena has made a Caudwell centenary
page that is very moving, and will tell you many reasons why
Christopher Caudwell is remembered with such passion and love even now, so long
after his death.
In “Pacifism and Violence” Caudwell asks almost at once: “Are we Marxists then simply using labels
indiscriminately when we class as characteristically bourgeois, both militancy
and pacifism, meekness and violence? No, we are not doing so, if we can show
that we call bourgeois not all war and not all pacifism but only certain types
of violence, and only certain types of non-violence; and if, further, we can
show how the one fundamental bourgeois position generates both these apparently
opposed viewpoints.”
What do you say when you are confronted with a pacifist follower
of M K Gandhi, or a Quaker? This text can assist you. Today’s downloadable text
will help bring the essence of the question into our dialogue.
This text will show you why it is that communists are not
pacifists, although we struggle for peace, and why the bourgeoisie can never be
peaceful, even when they call themselves pacifists.
- The painting of Christopher Caudwell reproduced above is by Caoimhghin O Croidheain
Please download and read the text via the following
link:
Pacifism and Violence,
1938, Christopher Caudwell (7989 words)
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